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Fishing boats in Steveston harbor. Waterfront Steveston Fisherman's Wharf. Richmond, BC, Canada

A row of fishing trawlers are docked along a pier in Wellfleet Harbor among chunks of sea ice on a cold January afternoon.

$Saint Pierre, Saint Pierre Island, Saint Pierre et Miquelon: the fishing industry of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, once the cornerstone of the archipelago's economy, has undergone a dramatic transformation following the collapse of cod stocks. For centuries, the islands served as a crucial base for French fishermen, particularly for Atlantic cod. However, the 1992 Canadian moratorium on cod fishing, a measure taken in response to severe overfishing, had a devastating and lasting impact on the local economy, which was almost entirely dependent on this single industry. This led to a significant economic downturn and a fundamental shift towards a service-based economy, largely supported by public administration and financial transfers from mainland France. Today, the fishing industry operates on a much smaller and highly regulated scale, governed by strict quotas negotiated with Canada. While cod fishing exists at minimal levels, the contemporary fishing sector has diversified to include species such as crab and Atlantic salmon, with both professional and recreational components. Despite these adaptations, the industry's contribution to the local GDP remains a fraction of its historical peak.$