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| Keywords: William S. Soule - Wichita camp.jpg ;Whichita Camp The Wichitas used a tipi similar to that of the other Plains tribes when they were away from their permanent grass-house villages for instance when on a buffalo hunt Also they used tipis during the Civil War when they were refugees in Kansas; in 1868 when at Fort Cobb; and in 1869-70 when camped near Fort Sill This picture was probably taken at Fort Sill before the Wichitas wem moved to their own agency neat Anadarko Notice many of the tipis are made of canvas rather than buffalo hides These Indians had not had opportunity after the war to acquire buffalo hides but their agent furnished canvas perhaps from salvaged military tentage The darkening at the top of the lodges is caused by smoke and soot from the fires built on the ground inside Smithsonian Instution Bureau of American Ethnology In Wilbur Sturtevant Nye Plains Indian raiders the final phases of warfare from the Arkansas to the Red River with original photographs by William S Soule University of Oklahoma Press 1st edition 1968 ISBN 0806111755 p402 Wilbur Sturtevant Nye Plains Indian raiders the final phases of warfare from the Arkansas to the Red River with original photographs by William S Soule University of Oklahoma Press 1st edition 1968 ISBN 0806111755 p403 or 1869 1870 Creator William S Soule PD-old-auto-1923 1908 Oklahoma in the 1870s Wichita William S Soule | ||||
