Keywords: Long headed slave girls, Congo, ca. 1900-1915 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS11-2).jpg Congo Balolo Mission Congo present day Democratic Republic of the Congo The women sit facing one another on a wooden bench in wrap dresses One woman wears an ornament through her ear whilst her companion wears a thin bracelet Scarification marks can be seen on the arm of each woman In the Congo marking the body through scarring in patterns then controlling the healing process was an important cultural signifier often carried out to indicate life stages or cultural belonging with peoples of the Congo having some of the most complex designs in Africa In women scarification marks were added to intenisfy beauty or to mark stages in life such as childbirth - bearing the pain involved in the process was believed to be a path to adulthood and a sign of strength that would be needed in childbearing The heads of the women are slightly elongated as a likely result of the practice of headbinding The malleable skulls of babies would be wrapped tightly in cloth in order to produce an elongated head shape mostly as a sign of cultural belonging and beauty The Mangbetu people of the Congo practised head binding and it is to this group that these women may belong In the memoir of the work of her husband and herself for the Congo Balolo Mission Lily Ruskin also speaks of head binding for babies of the Yamongo people whom Edward Algernon Ruskin first encountered in 1895 This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900 Photographer Unknown Filename IMP-CSCNWW33-OS11-2 tif Coverage date 1900/1915 Subject unesco Women; Slavery; Oppression; Forced labour Part of collection International Mission Photography Archive ca 1860-ca 1960 Part of subcollection Photographs from the Centre for the Study of World Christianity University of Edinburgh U K ca 1900-ca 1940s Subject corporate name Congo Balolo Mission Repository name Centre for the Study of World Christianity Archival file Volume2/IMP-CSCNWW33-OS11-2 tif Repository address The University of Edinburgh School of Divinity New College Mound Place Edinburgh EH1 2LX United Kingdom Geographic subject country Congo Format aacr2 lantern slides 8 2 x 8 2cm Geographic subject continent Africa Rights Contact the repository for details Part of series Regions Beyond Missionary Union Congo People and Places CSCNWW33/OS11 Repository email divinity-CSWC ed ac uk Date created 1900/1915 Publisher of the digital version University of Southern California Libraries Subject aat genre group portraits Format aat lantern slides; photographs Access conditions http //www ed ac uk/schools-departments/divinity/research/centres/world-christianity/collections-resources Geographic subject populated places File CSCNWW33/OS11/2 Subject lcsh Women--Africa; Mangbetu African people ; Scarification body marking ; Skull--artificial deformities 1900/1915 date created author http //digitallibrary usc edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll123/id/78090 PD-old-70-1923 Women of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1900 Body modification in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Balolo Mission Magic lantern images Images from USC Digital Library uploaded by Fæ International Mission Photography Archive ca 1860-ca 1960 Artificial cranial deformation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |