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| Keywords: Effects of global warming, plotted against changes in global mean temperature.png effects of global warming Impacts of climate change are plotted against changes in global mean temperature Physical ecological social and large-scale impacts are plotted against global mean temperature increases above the 1980-1999 level from 0 to 5 °C Add 0 5 °C to measure impacts relative to pre-industrial temperatures The arrows on the diagram show that impacts tend to become more pronounced for higher magnitudes of warming Solid arrows indicate that the projected impact is known with a high level of certainty while dashed arrows indicate less certainty Physical impacts The risks associated with some extreme weather events increase with temperature high confidence <ref name schneider reasons for concern > citation Ch 19 Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change Schneider S H et al http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-7 html Sec 19 3 7 Update on 'Reasons for Concern' in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007 </ref><ref name smith 2009 climate risks > Smith others 2009 </ref><ref> citation Technical summary White K S et al http //www grida no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/052 htm Sec 7 2 4 Extreme Weather Events in IPCC TAR WG2 2001 54 </ref> Other effects include sea level rise<ref> citation Ch 5 Projections of Sea-Level Change http //www nap edu/openbook php record_id 13389 page 83 in US NRC 2012 83 </ref> and ocean acidification <ref> citation Summary http //www nap edu/openbook php record_id 12904 page 5 in US NRC 2010 5 </ref> Warming could be irreversible for several millennia <ref> Solomon others 2009 </ref> Ecological impacts The larger the increase in temperature the more species will be at risk of extinction <ref name schneider ecosystems > citation Ch 19 Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change Schneider S H et al http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-4 html Sec 19 3 4 Ecosystems and biodiversity in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007 </ref> 20-30 of species at risk of extinction medium confidence 1 5-2 5 °C / 2 7 “ 4 5 °F <ref> citation Synthesis report http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains3-3-1 html Ecosystems in Sec 3 3 1 Impacts on systems and sectors in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007 </ref> further extinctions 3 °C / 5 4 °F and above <ref name schneider ecosystems /> Social impacts Mix of positive and negative impacts <ref name parry social impacts > citation Technical summary Parry M L et al http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/tssts-4-1 html Industry settlement and society in Box TS 5 The main projected impacts for systems and sectors in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007 </ref> Low-latitude less-developed areas are especially vulnerable <ref name schneider reasons for concern /> The negative impacts of climate climate change tend to increase with temperature <ref name parry social impacts /> Larger temperature increases will be more difficult to adapt to <ref name schneider adaptation > citation Ch 19 Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change Schneider S H et al http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-es html Executive summary in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007 </ref> Large-scale impacts The risk of large-scale and/or abrupt impacts increases with temperature <ref name smith 2009 climate risks /><ref> citation IPCC Summary for Policymakers http //www grida no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/005 htm Sec 2 6 The Potential for Large-Scale and Possibly Irreversible Impacts Poses Risks that have yet to be Reliably Quantified http //www grida no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/009 htm in IPCC TAR WG2 2001 </ref> Partial deglaciation of Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets adds 4-6 metres 13-20 feet or more to sea level rise medium confidence 1 to 4 °C / 1 8-7 2 °F <ref name schneider reasons for concern /> Notes The following abbreviations are used IPCC Third Assessment Report TAR; IPCC Fourth Assessment Report AR4 reflist References Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change McCarthy J J ; Canziani O F ; Leary N A ; Dokken D J ; and White K S Cambridge University Press http //www grida no/publications/other/ipcc 5Ftar/ src /climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/index htm 0-521-80768-9 pb ISBN 0-521-01500-6 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Parry M L ; Canziani O F ; Palutikof J P ; van der Linden P J ; and Hanson C E Cambridge University Press http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents html 978-0-521-88010-7 pb ISBN 978-0-521-70597-4 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Core Writing Team; Pachauri R K; and Reisinger A IPCC en Geneva en Switzerland http //www ipcc ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/contents html 92-9169-122-4 Citation CITEREFSmithothers2009 Smith J et al Assessing dangerous climate change through an update of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC reasons for concern http //www pnas org/content/106/11/4133 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 11 4133 “4137 2009 Mar 0027-8424 19251662 10 1073/pnas 0812355106 CH 2648893 2009PNAS 106 4133S citation CITEREFSolomonothers2009 2009-01-28 Solomon S et al Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PNAS US National Academy of Sciences 106 6 1704 http //www pnas org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106 full pdf+html 10 1073/pnas 0812721106 19179281 2632717 2009PNAS 106 1704S citation US NRC 2010 Ocean Acidification A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean A report by the US National Research Council US NRC http //www nap edu/catalog php record_id 12904 National Academies Press Washington D C USA 978-0-309-15359-1 citation US NRC 2012 Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California Oregon and Washington Past Present and Future A report by the US National Research Council US NRC http //www nap edu/catalog php record_id 13389 National Academies Press Washington D C USA 978-0-309-25594-3 own Enescot 2012-11-09 Global warming Cc-zero | ||||
