Keywords: valley of ten thousand smokes valleyoftenthousandsmokes texture Most fumaroles are complexly zoned in mineralogy and color. The throat of the fumaroles (seen as the vertical whitish lines in the photo) was a place of high acidity and temperatures. High temperatures and acid leached minerals away from these throats. NPS photo by M. Fitz. Most fumaroles are complexly zoned in mineralogy and color. The throat of the fumaroles (seen as the vertical whitish lines in the photo) was a place of high acidity and temperatures. High temperatures and acid leached minerals away from these throats. NPS photo by M. Fitz. |